A correlation between the severity of arthritis, the number of gbs in the joints, and local interleukin6 and interleukin1. Frequently, these organisms cause no overt signs of disease. The comparative immunology of wild and laboratory mice. Understanding appropriate nomenclature is essential due to the complexity of strain names for. Breeding strategies for maintaining colonies of laboratory mice. Veterinary pathology immunological variation between. Diagnosis mhv infection in immunocompetent animals is commonly diagnosed through the use of serology, either mfiaelisa or ifa. This course is also available in the following program.
Most popular jax mice strains the jackson laboratory. Take advantage of our large inventories of common inbred strains and the convenience of having your breeding and drug efficacy needs met by the leading experts in mouse modeling. This provides extensive information on mouse genetics, specifically relating to mice maintained by the jackson laboratory, bar harbor, maine, usa. Jax mice are the highest quality and mostpublished mouse models in the world. Pdf y chromosome and aggression in strains of laboratory.
Baumans1,2 1department of laboratory animal science, utrecht university, po box 80. While the number and prevalence of these pathogens have declined. The basics of mouse nomenclature the jackson laboratory. In this study, mtdna variations among four classical balbc, c3h, c57bl6j and dba2 and three chinese ta2, 615 and t739 inbred strains of laboratory mice were analyzed. However, many of the natural pathogens of these laboratory animals may alter host physiology, rendering the host unsuitable for many experimental uses. Rederivation by embryo transfer in strains of laboratory. Balbc mice, da rats and some of the modified strains appear to be most susceptible to this problem. Bult1, 1 the jackson laboratory, bar harbor, me, united states. They are the most commonly used mammalian research model and are used for research in genetics, psychology, medicine and other scientific disciplines.
Lyme borreliosis in selected strains and ages of laboratory mice. The susceptibility of laboratory mice to borrelia burgdorferi was evaluated for selected genotypes and ages. There is some indication that growth performance in a minority of strains can be improved by increasing dietary energy fat content. Karyotyping of the samples showed that there was no difference in chromosomal numbers among the three mice. Jax mice are the most published and well characterized mouse models in the world. Rederivation by embryo transfer in strains of laboratory mice and rats article pdf available in russian journal of genetics. Jul 30, 2007 weve established that laboratory mice are derived almost entirely from a single subspecies, not three as previously believed. The jackson laboratory offers hundreds of creexpressing and cre reporter strains, along with cre activity data to help select the appropriate strain. Specifically, c3h mice do not gather or build as complex nests as other inbred strains 21,22. Th ese techniques have been developed and used by th e jackson laboratory for over 75 years. Breeding strategies for maintaining colonies of laboratory.
The generation of genetically engineered mice gem has, in the past, used embryonic stem es cells for gene. Nov 30, 2011 inbred laboratory mouse strains are highly divergent in their immune response patterns as a result of genetic mutations and polymorphisms. A more severe problem in people working with mice has been observed for more than 25 years. Many of these strains are products of the most preeminent programs in biology today. Karyotype of nih, c57bl6 and razi strains of laboratory. Pdf immunological variation between inbred laboratory mouse. The jackson laboratory handbook on genetically standardized mice. C57bl6 mouse model information sheet charles river. Nomenclature for mouse strains the jackson laboratory. In laboratory mice, this is accomplished through inbreeding. Applied research 34 july 20 with 448 reads how we measure reads.
Reproductive biology of breeding mice womens health. Nest building as an indicator of health and welfare in. Jax mice strain collections the jackson laboratory. In addition, 15 c57bl6sca mice age, 8 wk raised in a different room were used to examine the influence of differing environmental exposure on the composition of the gm. Colonies of laboratory mice a jackson laboratory resource manual this manual describes breeding strategies and techniques for maintaining colonies of laboratory mice. The laboratory mouse handbook of experimental animals. Laboratory rat matures earlier, and are more prolific. Repetitive inbreeding removes genetic heterogeneity, so that mice of an inbred strain are considered to be genetically identical to each other. There are hundreds of established inbred, outbred, and transgenic strains. The basic inbred strain experimentstrain differences capture genetic differences.
To characterize temporal patterns of transcriptional activity during normal lung development, we generated genome wide gene expression data for 26 pre and postnatal time points in three common inbred strains of laboratory mice c57bl6j, aj, and c3hhej. Laboratory mice, rats, and rabbits may harbor a variety of viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal agents. Jul 30, 2007 scientists have found that the genetic variation in the most widely used strains of laboratory mice is vastly greater than previously thought. Intermale attack behavior differences in laboratory strains of inbred mice have y chromosome correlates in a small number of strain comparisons. Brayton4 abstract inbred laboratory mouse strains are highly divergent in their immune response patterns as a result of genetic mutations and polymorphisms. Normally laboratory mice have to be involved by means of professional handlingrestraint in order to perform all procedures necessary during husbandry andor experimentation. Severity of group b streptococcal arthritis in selected strains of laboratory mice article pdf available in infection and immunity 691. Th ey are safe, reliable, economical, effi cient, and ensure that the mouse strains produced are genetically well defi ned. Karyotype of nih, c57bl6 and razi strains of laboratory mice. Row 1 shows the source of the mice either as wild mice from hw or laboratory mouse strains shown as l, and row.
The absence of mitochondrial dna diversity among common. These techniques have been developed and used by the jackson laboratory for nearly 80 years. The generation of genetically engineered mice gem has. Pdf severity of group b streptococcal arthritis in. Inbred strains, transgenic and congenic mice with inbred backgrounds are commonly used mouse models.
Moody, lyme borreliosis in selected strains and ages of laboratory mice, the journal of infectious diseases, volume 162, issue 1, july 1990. Laboratory mice are the same species as the house mouse, however, they are often very different in behaviour and physiology. One of the most timeconsuming activities in research laboratories is looking up information specific to the species or strain of animal being used. Razi strains of mice, which are outbred, inbred and partially inbred laboratory mice respectively. Index of major mouse strains mouse genome informatics. This phenomenon, also called laboratory animal allergy laa, is a form of occupational allergic disease and includes a great number of laboratory animal species to which people may develop allergic. Our most popular mouse models are available in the quantities you need to support your biomedical and drug discovery research. Therefore, normal nest conformation and tint outcomes in unmanipulated. Additionally the laboratory mouse continues to play a widely publicized vital role in the human genome project. Wild mice, the relatives of laboratory mouse strains, live in close proximity to humans in their natural habitat and move from cultivated. The susceptibilities of c3hhen, balbc, and c57bl6n mouse strains to group b streptococci gbs infection were evaluated. While less commonly used for research than mice, rats have served as an important animal model for research in psychology and biomedical science.
Jun 29, 2004 studies of sequence variation between inbred strains of laboratory mice suggest that the distribution of polymorphisms has a mosaic structure of alternating segments of high and low frequency, consistent with descent of the most commonly used strains from a few subspecies, such as mus musculus musculus. Beginners guide to inbred, outbred, hybrid, mutant, and transgenic mice certificate program. Nevertheless, mice with strain differences are usually not very aggressive and can be handled or restrained without major problems. Pdf severity of group b streptococcal arthritis in selected. The jackson laboratory, charles river laboratories, taconic farms, and harlan laboratories are the main suppliers.
There are over 3000 genetically defined strains, including. Little in 1921 from a mating of miss abbie lathrops stock that also gave rise to strains c57br and c57l. They are safe, reliable, economical, efficient, and ensure that the mouse strains. A laboratory rat or lab rat is a rat of the species rattus norvegicus domestica which is bred and kept for scientific research. Finally, 16 c57bl6ncrl mice age, 8 wk were used to illustrate any differences in the gut community of c57bl6 mice from different laboratory animal breeders. Inbred micemice of a particular inbred strain result from a mini mum of 20 consecutive generations. Pdf mouse phenome database compare the major immune phenotypes of these six immunodeficient strains. The common laboratory strains represent a mosaic of three house mouse species. The jackson laboratory is a worldwide source for more than. A strain, in reference to rodents, is a group in which all members are as nearly as possible genetically identical. This provides a comprehensive database on rat genetics. C3hhe, swr, c57bl6, sjl, and balbcmice inoculated at age 3 days developed uniformly severe polyarthritis at 30 days after intraperitoneal inoculation. Veterinary pathology immunological variation between inbred.
Strains of laboratory mice more varied than previously thought. The laboratory mouse is a small mammal of the order rodentia which is bred and used for scientific research. Rederivation by embryo transfer in strains of laboratory mice. Pdf the laboratory mouse and wild immunology researchgate. Summary laboratory mice, rats, and rabbits may harbor a variety of viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal agents. A rating scale for wildness and ease of handling laboratory mice. Difference are noted in size and function of organs, reproductive.
To identify a close wild living relative of standard laboratory mice, we trapped. Y chromosome and aggression in strains of laboratory mice. Variation in building and gathering material between types of laboratory mice is well documented 7,2123 and should be considered before using this technique for all types of mice. Unexpected complexity in the haplotypes of commonly used. The presence of multiple endogenous xmvs in mice that are not susceptible to xmlv infection can be explained by looking at the wild mouse progenitors of these laboratory strains. Laboratory mice are usually of the species mus musculus. Common inbred strains of the laboratory mouse that are. The origin of common laboratory mice canadian science publishing. Crabbe department of psychology and centre for neuroscience, university of alberta, edmonton ab, canada,portland alcohol research center, v. The mouse was used as a laboratory animal as early as 1664, when robert hooke used one in his studies of the properties of air3. Enterotropic mhv strains cause similar lesions in immunodeficient mice as in immunocompetent mice.
Adventure awaits, for those who desire, reserve your calendar before this offer expires. Mgiguidelines for nomenclature of mouse and rat strains. The gestation period for laboratory mice is generally consistent within a strain but varies among. Variation in the gut microbiota of laboratory mice is related to both genetic and environmental factors. Variation in the gut microbiota of laboratory mice is. Bone marrow cells were prepared from 36 male and female mice, 12 from each strain, and stained by use of giemsa staining and gbanding methods. Using these wildderived inbred strains of mice will.
Recent data on the genetics of the y do not contradict these conclusions. Even if, as is suggested by our network, all the common inbred strains castles mice, swiss mice, strains derived from colonies from china and japan, and c57related strains had the same ancestor earlier than the 20 th century, in japanese fancy mice 17th century, rader 2004, values obtained in our estimates would still be very high. Variation in the gut microbiota of laboratory mice is related. Current lab strains derived from amateur breeders of fancy mice, an early 20th century fad. Our most popular mouse models are readily available in the quantities you need to support your biomedical and drug discovery research. The discovery of several polymorphic loci of the y could pave the way for a direct confirmation of y.
The formulation is designed to be fed adlib to rodents of all ages. Scientists have found that the genetic variation in the most widely used strains of laboratory mice is vastly greater than previously thought. Jax mice are named according to the guidelines set by the international committee on standardized genetic nomenclature for mice, and strain names are revised as necessary to conform to these guidelines learn the highlights of mouse strain nomenclature with our short, interactive tutorial. Genealogies of mouse inbred strains washington university genetics. Immunodeficient mice may become chronic carriers of mhv, serving as a source of infection for other colonies. Th is manual describes breeding strategies and techniques for maintaining colonies of laboratory mice. Natural pathogens of laboratory mice, rats, and rabbits. Severity of group b streptococcal arthritis in selected strains of laboratory mice. There are 400 inbred strains of mice and 150 inbred strains of rats. Th ey are safe, reliable, economical, effi cient, and ensure that the mouse strains. Row 1 shows the source of the mice either as wild mice from hw or laboratory mouse strains shown as l, and row 2 is the individual number of the wild mouse prefix. Mitochondrial dna mtdna, which exhibits a maternal inheritance and a high rate of evolution, has been widely used as a genetic marker when analyzing maternal lineage and inferring phylogenetic relationships among species.
The laboratory mouse, second edition is a comprehensive book written by international experts. The research could have major implications for the. Although the infection generally causes no overt clinical signs, it can cause profound changes in the immune system, affecting the interpretation of a wide variety of experimental results. Rederivation by embryo transfer in strains of laboratory mice and rats. The laboratory mouse handbook of experimental animals usp. Severity of group b streptococcal arthritis in selected.
There are more than 400 highly inbred strains of mice available for research. Wild mouse gut microbiota promotes host fitness and improves. Temporal dynamics of the developing inbred strains of. Moreover, the y correlates interact with autosomal or pseudoautosomal genes. The jackson laboratory is home to thousands of genetically engineered mouse strains from every region of the research spectrum. However, many of the natural pathogens of these laboratory animals may alter host physiology, rendering the host unsuitable for many. Approximately 25 strains or isolates of mhv have been described. Inbred strains of mice are defined as strains that have been maintained by successive brother to sister matings over more than 20 generations green, 1975. With inclusions of the newly revised european standards on laboratory animals, this will be the most current, global authority on the care of mice in laboratory research.
351 560 1382 1424 460 1023 338 1443 137 794 365 1416 734 196 726 738 126 429 499 1495 911 780 1537 309 482 824 1438 245 711 485 293 1263 185 464 228 639 695